He is also accused of corruption. The former leader - who was wheeled on a hospital bed into the courtroom earlier this month - denies all the charges.
Mr Mubarak is being tried with his sons Alaa and Gama, who are accused of corruption and also deny the charges.
Mr Mubarak was forced from office by mass demonstrations in February.
Tantawi demand Hundreds of riot police were on guard outside the courtroom on Monday.
A number of Mubarak supporters had gathered, some chanting: "He is Egyptian until death" and "Hosni Mubarak is not Saddam".
Monday's session is likely to be dominated by legal arguments.
Lawyers for the families of the demonstrators who were killed in the uprising have already asked for greater access to Mr Mubarak's communication records, the BBC's Yolande Knell in Cairo reports.
The families want to know what orders he gave to his officials as police tried to stop the protests using brutal means, our correspondent says.Defence lawyers have demanded that Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, who leads the military council that took over from Mr Mubarak but who was his defence minister for two decades, must testify.
They say his evidence on Mr Mubarak could prove pivotal.
The judge has still to rule on who will testify.
Meanwhile Mr Mubarak's lawyer, Farid al-Deeb, has asked the judge to call 1,600 witnesses, including a number of top military officials. Observers say the judge will probably reduce the list he has demanded.
Mr Mubarak is reported to be in a poor state of health, and doctors have been constantly monitoring his medical condition at a military hospital near the capital.
Amazement and drama During the previous court session on 3 August, some 3,000 soldiers and police were drafted in to maintain order.
Despite that, the court session was at times unruly, with lawyers jostling and clamouring to be heard by the judge.
The charges against the Mubaraks were read out, and Hosni Mubarak and his sons each denied them.
Everybody was in shock as the trial began, says the BBC's Jon Leyne in Cairo, because this was the moment that no-one in Egypt - maybe all of the Middle East - expected to see.
On Sunday, Egypt's former Interior Minister Habib al-Adly reappeared in the Cairo court on charges of killing nearly 850 demonstrators during the uprising. His trial was adjourned to 5 September.
Adly has already been sentenced to 12 years in prison for money-laundering.
In a separate development, leading Egyptian blogger Asmaa Mahfouz was on Sunday questioned for allegedly defaming the military on Facebook, the official Mena news agency reported.
Ms Mahfouz, one of the leader of the Egyptian revolution, is suspected of calling for assassination attacks against the military and judicial bodies.
She was briefly detained by military prosecutors and later released on a bail of $3,356 (£2,062), Mena says. Her lawyer denied all the accusations.
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